Identifier: railwaylocomotiv19newy Title: Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Subjects: Railroads Locomotives Publisher: New York : A. Sinclair Co Contributing Library: Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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Text Appearing Before Image: r A. Fenton 533 Walworth Mfg. Co 2d Cover Washburn Co 4th Cover Watson-Stillman Co 4th Cover Westinghouse Air Brake Co 6 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co 7 Whiting Foundry Equipment Co 22 Whittlesey, Geo. P 535 Williams Typewriter Co 14 Wood, R. D,, & Co 7 Zephon Chemical Compound Co 15 RJEiSSf^EiKineeriiK Gjpyright by Angus Sinclair Co.—1906 A Practical Journal of Railway Motive Power and Rolling Stock Vol. XIX. 136 Liberty Street. New York. December, 1906 No. 12 Arched Structures. •.: stresses wliicli stoiic is not well able shaped stones is trioiight to have been Very li(tle is known as to the origin to bear. the natural development from the rudi- of the arch. It is supposed to have Some authorities suppose that when mentary arch formed by the two pieces been devised by builders in very an- builders in early days found a flat stone of broken stone lintel. cient times, more or less by accident, hntel had been broken, the masons in the .Arched apertures have been contrived

Text Appearing After Image: RAILROAD BRIDGES OVER THE NIAGARA GORGE. THE CAXTILEVER AND THE STEEL ARCH The oldest method of carrying a wallabove an opening for a door was theuse of a flat stone supported at its ends.The weight resting on this flat stone orlintel had a tendency to break it downin the center, as its upper surface wasnecessarily in compression and its un-der side was in tension, which are forms process of repair used the brokenpieces again, but set them at anangle to each other so that the brokenedges came together, and in this waysecured a door opening with a triangu-lar top, and of greater strength than thesolid flat stone had been before. Thesubsequent use of three or more wedge- in ancient buildings, formed by the step-ping out of the end stones of severalcourses of masonry, and the bevelingof? of their lower corners. This formof building had in it nothing of theprinciple of the arch, and these archedapertures were not used extensivelyenough to warrant the belief thatthey 538 RAILWAY AND LOCOMO

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