Benutzer:Alexander Leischner/Runologie

aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Zur Navigation springen Zur Suche springen


Das jüngere Futhark mit 16 Zeichen. Oben Langzweig-, unten Kurzzweigrunen.
Das jüngere Futhark mit den durch die Punktierung entstehenden Zeichen.
  • ᚠ ᚡ ᚢ ᚣ ᚤ ᚥ ᚦ ᚧ ᚨ ᚩ ᚪ ᚫ ᚬ ᚭ ᚮ ᚯ ᚰ ᚱ ᚲ ⌃ ᚳ ᚴ ᚵ ᚶ ᚷ ᚸ ᚹ ᚺ ᚻ ᚼ ᚽ ᚾ ᚿ ᛀ ᛁ ᛃ ᛄ ᛅ ᛆ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ ᛋ ᛌ ᛍ ᛎ ᛏ ᛐ ᛑ ᛒ ᛓ ᛔ ᛕ ᛖ ᛗ ᛘ ᛙ ᛚ ᛛ ᛜ ᛝ ᛞ ᛟ ᛠ ᛡ ᛢ ᛣ ᛤ ᛥ ᛦ ᛧ ᛨ ᛩ ᛪ ᛫ ᛬ ⁝ ⁛ ᛭ ᛮ ᛰ ࿕ ࿖
Älteres Futhark
  • ᚠ ᚢ ᛟ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛜ ᛞ ᛟ
  • Interferenz Sonderformen niederrheinische Epigraphik
    • Θ
    • Đ





Jüngeres Futhark


Image UCS Name Name meaning Transliteration IPA
Vorlage:Runic feoh wealth, cattle f /f/, [v] (word-medial allophone of /f/)
Vorlage:Runic ūr aurochs u /u(ː)/
Vorlage:Runic þorn thorn þ θ, ð (word-medial allophone of /θ/)
Vorlage:Runic ōs god, or mouth (Latin)[1] o /o(ː)/
Vorlage:Runic rād riding r /r/
Vorlage:Runic cēn torch c /k/, /kʲ/,
Vorlage:Runic gyfu gift g /ɡ/, ɣ (word-medial allophone of /ɡ/), /j/, /x/?, /gʲ/?
Vorlage:Runic ƿynn mirth w /w/
Vorlage:Runic hægl hail (as in "precipitation") h /h/, x, ç (allophone of /x/ before and after frontal vowels)
Vorlage:Runic nȳd need (as in "plight") n /n/
Vorlage:Runic īs ice i /i(ː)/
Vorlage:Runic gēr year (as in "harvest time"?) j j
Vorlage:Runic ēoh yew-tree ï, ʒ /i(ː)/? /x/, ç (allophone of /x/ before and after frontal vowels)
Vorlage:Runic peorð (unknown) p /p/
Vorlage:Runic ilx elk's x /ks/
Vorlage:Runic sigel sun (but rune poem implies "sail") s /s/, [z] (word-medial allophone of /s/)
Vorlage:Runic Tī, Tīr Tiw? Mars?[2] t /t/
Vorlage:Runic beorc birch-tree b /b/
Vorlage:Runic eh steed e /e(ː)/
Vorlage:Runic mann man m /m/
Vorlage:Runic lagu lake (as in "body of water") l /l/
Vorlage:Runic Ing Ing (Ingui-Frea)? ŋ /ŋg/, /ŋ/
Vorlage:Runic ēðel ethel (homeland, estate) œ /ø(ː)/
Vorlage:Runic dæg day d /d/
Vorlage:Runic āc oak-tree a /ɑ(ː)/
Vorlage:Runic æsc ash-tree æ /æ(ː)/
Vorlage:Runic ȳr yewen bow? y /y(ː)/
Vorlage:Runic īor beaver?[3] eel? N/A /i(ː)o/?
Vorlage:Runic ēar grave soil? ea /æ(ː)ɑ/

The sequence of the runes above comes from the surviving modern copy of the Anglo-Saxon rune poem which was based on the now-destroyed Cotton Otho B.x.165 manuscript. The first 24 of these runes directly continue the elder futhark letters, and do not deviate in sequence (though ᛞᛟ rather than ᛟᛞ is an attested sequence in both elder futhark and futhorc). The next 5 runes represent additional vowels (a, æ, y, io, ea), comparable to the five forfeda of the ogham alphabet.

While the rune poem and some manuscripts present ᛡ as "ior", and ᛄ as "ger", epigraphically both are variants of ger. R. I. Page designated ior a pseudo-rune.[4]

Image UCS Name Name meaning Transliteration IPA
Vorlage:Runic calc chalk? chalice? sandal? k /k/
Vorlage:Runic (unknown) (unknown) /k/
Vorlage:Runic gar spear /g/, [ɣ] (word-medial allophone of /g/)
Vorlage:Runic cweorð (unknown) q /k/? (for writing Latin?)
Vorlage:Runic stan stone N/A /st/
N/A (unknown) (unknown) ę, ᴇ /ǝ/?
N/A (unknown) (unknown) /e(ː)o/? /i(ː)o/?





  1. Vorlage:Citation.
  2. Vorlage:Citation.
  3. Vorlage:Citation.
  4. Vorlage:Citation.