Benutzer:Shi Annan/Davilla
Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:About Vorlage:Automatic taxobox Davilla is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Dilleniaceae.[1] It has around 30 neotropical,[2] species and is one of the most diverse genera of lianas, vines, erect or scandent (or climbing) shrubs.[3]
Description
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Davilla plants are classed as lianas or shrubs,[4] and they are similar in form to that of species in Tetracera or Dillenia genus.[5] Although they can identified from other Dilleniaceae genera plants due to several features; having sepals unequal in size, with the two inner ones larger, becoming crustaceous (having a hard shell) and covering the fruit completely, a paniculate inflorescence and the fruit being a capsule.[3] They are hermaphroditic plants (or bisexual - bearing both male and female reproductive organs). It has leaves which are often scabrous (rough to the touch) and pubescent with simple trichomes (hairs or bristles). The petioles (leaf stalks) are winged to narrowly recurve-winged. The inflorescences panicles are terminal (at the end of branches) or axillary (at leaf junctions) in the upper nodes.[4] The flower has 5 sepals, which are uneven. The 3 outer ones are small and 2 inners ones are larger.[4][3][5] It has 3–6 petals,[4] which are deciduous.[5] It has numerous stamens and 1-2 carpels (female reproductive organ), which are capsular and contain 1 compartment.[4][5] It has 2 ovules and erect and basal clavate (club-shaped) styles. It also has peltate (shield-like) and emarginate (notched at the apex) stigmas.[4] The sepals later become leathery and begin enveloping the fruit,[4] and simulating a globose shaped capsule.[5][4] Inside the capsule, are 1-2 smooth seeds which are surrounded by an aril (a membranous or fleshy appendage).[4]
Not much of the reproductive biology of the genus Davilla is known. Noting floral visitors, among reports concerning the genus Davilla, Ducke (1902) reported that bee species, Halictus Vorlage:Small had visited the flowers of Davilla rugosa Vorlage:Small.[6] Kuhlmann & Kühn in 1947 indicated bees and other insects were listed as pollinators of Davilla rugosa.[7] Croat in 1978, then verified flowers of Davilla nitida Vorlage:Small were being visited by (stingless bee species) Partamona cupira Vorlage:Au.[8][2]
Taxonomy
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]The genus name of Davilla is either named in honour of Pedro Franco Dávila (1711–1786),[9] a Peruvian and Spanish naturalist and collector,[10] or according to George Don in 1831, Henry Catherine Davilla (Enrico Caterino Davila) an Italian historian who died in 1599.[5]
The genus was first published and described by Domenico Vandelli in Fl. Lusit. Brasil. Spec. collation 35 in 1788.[11][12] It was then reprinted in Script. Pl. Hispan. (edited by J.J. Roemer), Vol.115 in 1796.[1]
The type species is Davilla rugosa Vorlage:Small.[12]
The taxonomy of the genus Davilla was revised in 2012.[13]
Species known
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]According to Kew;[1] Vorlage:Div col Vorlage:Linked species list Vorlage:Div col end The genus is accepted by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service, they accept 2 species; Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki and Davilla rugosa Poir.[14]
Distribution and habitat
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Its native range is between Mexico and tropical America. It is found in the countries of; Belize, Bolivia,[2] Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay,[2] Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago and Venezuela.[1]
The greatest Davilla species diversity is located in Brazil,[3] up to 12 species can be found in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil.[15]
Habitat
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]It is found in moist or wet forests,[2] often in hilly pine forests.[16] Also in forest clearings and borders.[2]
It grows at altitudes of Vorlage:Convert above sea level.[16]
Uses
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Davilla elliptica and Davilla nitida as well as Alchornea glandulosa (a tree species), have properties that could be used in the treatment of peptic ulcers. The leaves of Davilla elliptica have been used in folk medicine to treat diseases such as inflammation and other ulcers.[17]
Threats
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Davilla glaziovii Vorlage:Small is included on the red list of Brazil, due to habitat loss and predatory extractivism (the extracting natural resources).[15]
References
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten][[Category:Dilleniaceae]] [[Category:Eudicot genera]] [[Category:Plants described in 1796]] [[Category:Flora of Southern America]]
- ↑ a b c d Davilla Vand. In: Plants of the World Online. Abgerufen am 17. August 2021 (englisch).
- ↑ a b c d e f André Rodrigo Rech, Fatima Cristina de Lazari Manente-Balestieri, Maria Lúcia Absy: Reproductive biology of Davilla kunthii A. St-Hil. (Dilleniaceae) in Central Amazonia. In: Acta Bot. Bras. 25. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, Juni 2011, S. 487–496, doi:10.1590/S0102-33062011000200024.
- ↑ a b c d Gerardo A. AYMARD C.: A NEW SPECIES OF DAVILLA (DILLENIACEAE) AMONGST THE FLORA OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL. In: Acta Bot. Venez. (Published in Caracas). 25. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, Juni 2002.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i K. Kubitzki: Doliocarpus, Davilla and related genera (Dilleniaceae). In: Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml (Munich). 9. Jahrgang, 1971, S. 1–105.
- ↑ a b c d e f George Don Vorlage:Google books
- ↑ Ducke, 1902, Ein neues Subgenus von Halictus Latr. Zeitschr. Syst. Hymenopterol. Dipterol., 2, 102-103.
- ↑ M. Kuhlmann, E. Kühn: A Flora do Distrito de Ibiti São Paulo. Secretaria da Agricultura, Instituto de Botânica, Serie Botânica., 1947.
- ↑ Croat, T.B. (1978) Flora of Barro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford.
- ↑ Pedro Franco Dávila – The Sloane Letters Project. In: sloaneletters.com. Abgerufen am 17. August 2021.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition. (deutsch: Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5, doi:10.3372/epolist2018.
- ↑ Vorlage:Cite IPNI
- ↑ a b Davilla Vand. In: Tropicos. Abgerufen am 17. August 2021.
- ↑ Vorlage:Cite thesis
- ↑ GRIN-Global. In: npgsweb.ars-grin.gov. Abgerufen am 17. August 2021.
- ↑ a b Ismael Martins Pereira, Vera Lúcia Gomes-Klein, Milton Groppo: Distribution and Conservation of Davilla (Dilleniaceae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest Using Ecological Niche Modeling. In: International Journal of Ecology. 2014. Jahrgang, 2014, S. 1–11, doi:10.1155/2014/819739.
- ↑ a b Paul C. Standley, Julien A. Steyermark: Flora of Guatemala. Chicago Natural History Museum, 1946.
- ↑ Leticia Diniz Vieira, Káthia Takeda da Silva, Rodrigo Sanchez Giarola, Guilherme Franco Inocente, Hélio Kushima, Clelia Akiko Hiruma Lima, Joel Mesa Hormaza: Multielement analysis of plant extracts with potential use in the treatment of peptic ulcers by synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence. In: PeerJ. 6. Jahrgang, 2018, S. e5375, doi:10.7717/peerj.5375, PMID 30225160, PMC 6139012 (freier Volltext).