Benutzer:Shi Annan/Ayat Al-Qurmezi
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Ayat Hassan Mohammed Al-Qurmezi (arabisch آيات حسن محمد القرمزي; Transkription auch: Al-Qormezi, al-Ghermezi; geb. 1. Januar 1991) ist eine Dichterin in Bahrain. Sie studierte am Lehrerinstitut der Universität Bahrain.[1][2]
Al-Qurmezi erregte in Bahrain und international Aufsehen, als sie ein Gedicht verlas, welches die Regierung von Bahrain in Bezug auf das Vorgehen bei den pro-demokratischen Protesten am Perlenplatz kritisierte. Das Gedicht wurde über die Sozialen Medien weit verbreitet und in der Folgen wurde sie und ihre Familie bedrängt und erhielt Todesdrohungen.
Sie wurde verhaftet und unter Geheimhaltung festgehalten. Gerüchte, sie sei in Haft verstorben, führten zu Protesten durch iranische Aktivisten. Sie wurde in Haft gefoltert, aber letztendlich unter der Anklage Anstiftung zum Hass auf das bahrainische Regime und Beleidigung von Mitgliedern der königlichen Familie vor Gericht gestellt. Internationale Menschenrechtsorganisationen bezeichneten ihre Inhaftierung und ihren Prozess als ein Beispiel für die Brutalität der bahrainischen Behörden.[3] Sie wurde zu einer Haftstrafe verurteilt, welche sie unter Hausarrest abbüßen durfte.
Demokratische Bewegung in Bahrain seit 2011[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Öffentliche Gedicht-Lesung[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Am Mittwoch, 23. Februar 2011, in den frühen Tagen der Proteste in Bahrain, verlas Ayat Al-Qurmezi vom Podium ein Gedicht für die versammelte Menge der pro-demokratischne Demonstranten am Perlenplatz. Sie äußerte sich darin kritisch gegenüber der Regierun und speziell gegenüber den Entscheidungen von Premierminister Chalifa bin Salman Al Chalifa.
Am 6. März 2011 verlas sie ein weiteres Gedicht, in welchem sie König Hamad bin Isa Al Chalifa kritisierte. Eine Strophe darin enthielt den Text: „Wir sind die Menschen die Erniedrigung töten und Elend ermorden werden. Hörst du nicht unsere Rufe? Hörst du nicht unsere Schreie?“ („We are the people who will kill humiliation and assassinate misery. Don't you hear their cries? Don't you hear their screams?“).[4] Eine andere Strophe stellte einen erfundenen Dialog zwischen dem Teufel und dem König dar, in welchen der Teufel, Hamads „bester und mutigster Schüler“ („best and most courageous pupil“), sagt: „Hamad, deine Leute haben mich geschüttelt. Hörst du nicht ihre Schreie?“ (“Hamad, your people have shaken me. Don’t you hear their cries?”)[5] Vorlage:External media
Die Studentin wurde auf den Medienkanälen YouTube, Twitter und BlackBerry Messenger schnell bekannt. Ihr Gedicht verbreitete sich in Bahrain und weltweit. Seither war Ayat verschiedenen Formen der harassment and death threats that included herself and her family. Her personal information has been published through emails and Blackberry messages.[6] She has reportedly received numerous phone calls threatening her life and safety.[6]
Verhaftung[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
On the morning of March 29, 2011, riot police accompanied by female police officers with orders to detain Ayat Al-Qurmezi forced their way into the family home. Not finding her there, the police proceeded to ransack the house, reportedly telling her mother that they intended to arrest Ayat “even if she is hidden in the depths of the earth”.[3][6]
The next day Ayat Al-Qurmezi was arrested after police raided her parents' house a second time and forced four of Ayat's brothers at gunpoint to lie on the floor. After one police officer shouted at their father "If you do not tell us where Ayat is in fifteen minutes, we will kill each of your sons in front of your eyes – I have orders to do so".[1][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11] Ayat's parents felt they had no choice but to ask her to return home.[6]
When she returned she was taken away in a car with two plain-clothes security officials, a man and a woman, both wearing masks. She subsequently reported how they began immediately to beat her, threatening that she would be raped and sexually assaulted and that degrading photographs of her would be posted on the internet.[11]
The family described the days that followed as a period of intense psychological torture. The riot troops and police (whose identities had been concealed) who took Ayat away had told Ayat's mother Sa'ada that after she had been interrogated and signed some documents, the family would be allowed to collect her from Al-Howra police station and take her home.[6] They heard nothing more. Sa'ada went from police station to police station trying to obtain information about her daughter until she was eventually advised to file a missing persons report. She complained about the absurdity of this advice when it was the police themselves who had taken Ayat away.[11]
Pictures of Ayat began to turn up on dating and pornographic websites.[7][11] The family heard rumours that she had been raped or been killed.
Eventually Sa'ada was allowed to speak to Ayat on the telephone. Ayat told her that she had been forced to sign a false confession. Sa'ada was told in confidence that Ayat was in a military hospital being treated for injuries inflicted while she was tortured.[1][7] Ayat told her mother that she had been interrogated several times at the interrogation centre where she was taken after her arrest.
A video was broadcast on Bahraini state television of Ayat giving her name and saying that she was a Shia and hated Sunnis.[11] Ayat was expelled from university, apparently as part of a government purge of students and university employees accused of supporting the protests.[8]
Local and International responses for arrest[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
- Al-Wefaq, the main opposition political group whose 18 parliamentary representatives resigned in protest against the harsh measures taken against the pro-democracy protesters, described Ayat Al-Qurmezi's arrest as a "clear message that the government is against freedom of expression."[8]
- Amnesty International condemned the brutal behaviour of the Bahraini authorities and called for Ayat's release. Malcolm Smart, Amnesty International's Director for the Middle East and North Africa observed that: Vorlage:Quote
He noted that Ayat al-Qarmezi had been put on trial merely for expressing her opinion, peacefully and openly, and describing her case as an appalling and sinister attack on free speech, he called for the charges against her to be dropped and for her to be released immediately.[9]
- English PEN, reminding the Bahraini authorities of their obligations to protect the right to freedom of expression guaranteed by Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Bahrain is an official state party, called for Ayat's immediate and unconditional release.[12]
- Supporters circulated petitions and called for the release of the "Freedom Poet" through blogs and social media.[10]
- The United Nations called for "an immediate cessation of trials of civilians in the court of national safety and an immediate release of peaceful demonstrators who were arrested in the context of the protest movement in February."[10]
Following reports of Ayat Al-Qurmezi's rape and death in custody, there were protests by women in Iran and one of the vessels in a flotilla bringing Iranian activists to Bahrain to support the protesters was named after her.[13][14] The Ayat Al-Qurmezi was intercepted and turned back by the Bahraini navy.[15]
The Bahraini authorities defended the decision to detain and prosecute Ayat Al-Qurmezi on the grounds that her poem had called for "uprising and hatred against the leadership" and in Bahrain that was illegal.[15]
Folter[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Following her arrest Ayat Al-Qurmezi was detained for nine days in a tiny and extremely cold cell. She believed that from time to time a gas of some kind was circulated through the cell's air conditioning system which made her feel that she was suffocating. She was struck around the face with electric cable and made to clean lavatories with her bare hands. Some reports indicated that she was also threatened with rape.[3][7][8][9][10][11][16] Throughout this time the police made no attempt to carry out any genuine interrogation.[11] On June 21, 2011, she made a televised apology to the king and the prime minister.[10]
According to Ayat Al-Qurmezi's brother, Yousif Mohammed, her treatment in prison improved during the period before the trial.[7]
Trial[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Ayat Al-Qurmezi was charged with "incitement to hatred of the regime", "insulting members of the royal family" and "illegal assembly".[3][8][11]
After spending two months in custody she was tried by a security court at which no legal arguments were heard and her lawyer was not allowed to address the court. On June 12, 2011, Al-Qurmezi was found guilty and sentenced to one year's imprisonment. The court's ruling was denounced by opposition groups and Amnesty International, who said the verdict highlighted how free speech is "brutally denied" by Bahrain's authorities.[4][7][16]
Release[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Am 13. Juli 2011, Al-Qurmezi was released from prison. A crowd of hundreds greeted her on her return home to Sanad.[4][17][18] However, as of October 2011 her sentence had not been revoked, and she remained under house arrest.[7][19][20] Her family feared she may be recalled to prison at any time. She had not received an official pardon, and her conviction had not been overturned on appeal.[7]
Student Peace Prize[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
On 1 October 2014, it was announced that Al-Qurmezi was awarded the 2015 Student Peace Prize "for her unwavering struggle for democracy and human rights in Bahrain".[21]
Weblinks[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
- Facebook|id=Aayat-Alqormozi/207729802607803|name=Aayat Alqormozi
- Watch, listen and read Ayat's poem
- Blog about Ayat Al-Qurmezi
- Bahraini poetess Ayat al-Qurmezi confirms torture
Einzelnachweise[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
- ↑ a b c Patrick Cockburn: Locked up for reading a poem. In: The Independent. independent.co.uk 2. Juni 2011.
- ↑ Ayat Hassan’s Verdict to Be Issued next June 12. Bahrain News Agency. bna.bh.
- ↑ a b c d e Nic Robertson: Bahrain tries ex-lawmakers, imprisons poet. CNN|date=June 12, 2011|accessdate=July 14, 2011 Archivlink
- ↑ a b c d The Associated Press: Bahraini woman who recited poems critical of Gulf kingdom’s rulers released from jail. Winnipeg Free Press. winnipegfreepress.com 13. Juli 2011.
- ↑ A Poetry of resistance: The Disappearance of Ayat Al-Qormezi in Bahrain’s Hidden Story. In: Al-Jaddliyaa. 14. Juni 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f Death threats and arrest as a direct result of expressing opinion, All in the name of „National Safety“. Bahrain Centre for Human Rights. bahrainrights.org 29. März 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Patrick Cockburn: [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/bahrain-releases-poet-who-became-a-symbol-of-resistance-to-regime-2313309.html%7Ctitle=Bahrain releases poet who became a symbol of resistance to regime|publisher=The Independent|date=July 14, 2011|accessdate=July 14, 2011}}
- ↑ a b c d e Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen Guardian 12.6.2011. - ↑ a b c BAHRAINI POET SET TO FACE VERDICT FOR PROTEST READING. Amnesty International 8. Juni 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e Philip Bishop: [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-bishop/ayat-al-gormezi-ai-weiwei_b_897047.html?ref=tw%7Ctitle=A Freedom Poet: The Ai Weiwei of the Middle East|publisher=Huffpost Impact 13. Juli 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Patrick Cockburn: [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/detained-poet-beaten-across-the-face-with-electric-cable-2296137.html%7Ctitle=Detained poet 'beaten across the face with electric cable'|publisher=The Independent|date=June 11, 2011|accessdate=July 14, 2011}}
- ↑ "Bahrain: Poet and writer arrested; fears for their safety", English PEN, accessed July 14, 2011
- ↑ Iranian Activists Plan Aid Flotilla to Bahrain. 10. Mai 2011. Voice of America}}
- ↑ Iran to Dispatch Solidarity Convoy to Bahrain. 10. Mai 2011. ABNA
- ↑ a b Female poet brought before Bahrain military tribunal. Adrian Blomfield In: The Telegraph. 2. Juni 2011.
- ↑ a b [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/poet-who-became-symbol-of-bahrain-resistance-is-jailed-2296762.html%7Ctitle=Poet who became symbol of Bahrain resistance is jailed| work=The Independent|author=Patrick Cockburn|author-link=Patrick Cockburn|date=June 13, 2011}}
- ↑ "We congratulate the family of Ayat Al-Qurmezi on her release", Nabeel Rajab, July 13, 2011, accessed July 13, 2011
- ↑ "People welcome for Ayat shows that repression can create heroes", Nabeel Rajab, July 13, 2011, accessed July 14, 2011
- ↑ "Attorney General: Release Ayat Al-Qurmezi with guarantee her location" Bahrain News Agency, July 13, 2011, accessed July 14, 2011
- ↑ "Bahrain puts protest poet under house arrest", Reuters, July 14, 2011, accessed July 15, 2011
- ↑ Aayat Alqormozi Receives 2015 Student Peace Prize. In: studentpeaceprize.org. 1. Oktober 2014, archiviert vom am 6. Oktober 2014; abgerufen am 2. Oktober 2014 (englisch).
[[Kategorie: [[Kategorie:Geboren 1991]] [[Kategorie:Gestorben ]] [[Kategorie:Frau]] {{Personendaten |NAME= Qurmezi, Ayat |ALTERNATIVNAMEN= آيات حسن محمد القرمزي (arabisch) |KURZBESCHREIBUNG= bahrainische Dichterin und Aktivistin |GEBURTSDATUM= 1991 |GEBURTSORT= |STERBEDATUM= |STERBEORT= }}[[Category:Bahraini dissidents]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Human rights abuses in Bahrain]] [[Category:People of the Bahraini uprising of 2011]] [[Category:Bahraini human rights activists]] [[Category:Bahraini torture victims]] [[Category:Bahraini Shia Muslims]]