Benutzer:Shi Annan/Mount Roraima National Park
Vorlage:Infobox protected area Mount Roraima National Park (Vorlage:Lang-pt) is a national park in the state of Roraima, northern Brazil.
It includes the Brazilian section of Mount Roraima, and other mountains along the borders with Venezuela and Guyana, and a diverse environment including tropical rainforest and savanna.
The park is fully contained within the Raposa Serra do Sol indigenous territory, and has the dual role of conserving the environment and supporting the constitutional rights of the indigenous people.
Location[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Monte Roraima National Park is in the Uiramutã municipality of the state of Roraima.Vorlage:Sfn It has an area of Vorlage:Convert.Vorlage:Sfn
The park includes part of the Cotingo River basin, where plans have been made for a hydro-electric plant. The area has high potential for mining, agriculture, ranching and ecotourism, and has resulting tension between the strong Indian population and the ranchers and settlers.Vorlage:Sfn
The park includes part of the Pacaraima Mountains, which separate Brazil from Venezuela and Guyana. It is named after Mount Roraima, the highest of the Tepui mountains at almost Vorlage:Convert and one of the highest of the Pacaraima chain. The mountain has a flat top that holds a monument, the Marco da Triplice Fronteira, where the borders of Venezuela, Guyana and Brazil meet.Vorlage:Sfn
Altitudes in the park range from Vorlage:Convert above sea level.Vorlage:Sfn The mountains typically have large, flat table tops fringed by steep and partially denuded cliffs, which are surrounded by broad pediments cut with ravines that merge into the lower dissected reliefs of the Pacaraima range. The Serra do Sol range to the southeast has altitudes up to Vorlage:Convert.Vorlage:Sfn
The park contains the sources of the most northerly rivers that flow south into the Branco River basin. These include the Cotingo River, with its headwaters at the foot of Mount Roraima, the Panari River in the extreme north to the south of the Caburaí mountains, the Maú or Ireng River, which forms the border between Brazil and Guyana, and the Uailan River near the Uailan mountains.Vorlage:Sfn The Cotingo and Maú rivers have continuous stretches of rapids and waterfalls, including the dramatic Garã Garã waterfall on the Maú.Vorlage:Sfn
Environment[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Monte Roraima National Park is in the Amazon biome.Vorlage:Sfn Temperatures range from Vorlage:Convert with an average of Vorlage:Convert. Average annual rainfall is Vorlage:Convert.Vorlage:Sfn The region has diverse landscapes that should help conserve biodiversity, although it is lacking space.Vorlage:Sfn It contains an Vorlage:Convert area of savanna, 8.7% of the total area. This area includes forest, woodland, park and grassland.Vorlage:Sfn The forest includes plateau and montane ecosystems. The first has small patches of dense forest with emergent trees, while the second has dense forest with closed canopy on the slopes, open on the summits and flatter areas. There are various endemic species adapted to the harsh mountain climate where temperatures may range from Vorlage:Convert in a 24-hour period.Vorlage:Sfn
Administrative history[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Monte Roraima National Park was created by decree 97.887 of 28 June 1989, and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio).Vorlage:Sfn It is classed as IUCN protected area category II (national park). The objectives are preservation of natural ecosystems of great ecological relevance and scenic beauty, and enabling scientific research, environmental education and interpretation, recreation in contact with nature and ecological tourism.Vorlage:Sfn As early as 1990 the countries that participate in the Amazonian Cooperation Treaty had recommended expanding Venezuela's Canaima National Park southward to connect it with Monte Roraima National Park, with coordinated management of tourism, research and conservation.Vorlage:Sfn
The management plan was finalised in May 2000.Vorlage:Sfn Due to lack of money the park still existed only on paper until 2001, when the United Nations provided money to implement and manage parks in Brazil. The indigenous people became concerned when the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) began to implement the management plan.Vorlage:Sfn This included erecting a headquarters building, and potentially removing the indigenous Ingarikó and Macushi people from the park. These people had used the area for many years for hunting, farming and religious practices. The conflict was hard to resolve, since de-gazetting the park would require a major legislative change, as would allowing the indigenous people to use the park.Vorlage:Sfn
Due to land disputes and the movement to create the indigenous territory of Raposa Serra do Sol the management plan was not ratified by ICMBio. From 2002 IBAMA technicians worked with the Ingarikó in the area. On 15 April 2005 the area was completely assigned to Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI: National Indian Foundation) through the "dual affectation" legal device created by the federal government with recognition of the Raposa Serra do Sol Indigenous Territory.Vorlage:Sfn Under the decree of 15 April 2005 the boundaries of the Raposa Serra do Sol Indigenous Territory were ratified and Monte Roraima National Park was made Union public property with the roles of both maintaining the constitutional rights of the Indians and conserving the environment.Vorlage:Sfn
Notes[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Sources[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
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{{National park (Brazil)}} {{authority control}} [[Category:National parks of Brazil]] [[Category:Protected areas of Roraima]] [[Category:Guayana Highlands]] [[Category:Protected areas established in 1989]] [[Category:1989 establishments in Brazil]] [[Category:Environment of Roraima]]