Benutzer:Shi Annan/Gökdepe
| Gökdepe | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Koordinaten | 38° 9′ N, 57° 58′ O | ||
| Basisdaten | |||
| Staat | Turkmenistan | ||
| Provinz | Ahal welaýaty | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | TM | ||
| Einwohner | 21.465 (2010) | ||
Gökdepe (Geok Tepe, Köktepe, russisch Геок-Тепе) ist eine Stadt im gleichnamigen Gökdepe District (Gökdepe etraby) in der Provinz Ahal welaýaty in Turkmenistan,[1] 45 km nordwestlich von Aşgabat.[2]
Geographie[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Die Stadt wurde rund um eine ehemalige Festung der Turkmenen selben Namens. Die Stadt erstreckt sich entlang der M37 und der Transkaspischen Eisenbahn. Im Südwesten erstreckt sich der Gebirgszug Khrebet Ulydepe (Хребет Улыдепе) und im Nordwesten liegt der Stausee Köpetdag Suw Howdany (Копетдагское Водохранилище).[3]
Distrikt[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Der Distrikt „Gökdepe etraby“ Gökdepe District Owadan-depe Prison [4] [5][6] Distriktsvorsteher (Häkim) ist (2023) Oguljemal Nedirowna Şahanowa[7]
Er teilt sich in die administrativen Einheiten:
- Städte (şäherler)
- Kleinstädte (şäherçeler)
- Yzgant (inc. Çaran, Garaajy, Mämmetýar, Sowma)
- Gemeinden (geňeşlikler)
- Ahal (Ahal, Çyrla, Gatydüýp, Gorýa, Goşatakyr, Gutlyaýak, Ilek, Syplaňgyzyltakyr, War)
- Akgoňur (Akgoňur)
- Babaarap (Babaarap, Ýaýyn)
- Derweze (Derweze (Formerly Aeroport), Ataguýy, Böri)
- Gorjaw (Gorjaw)
- Hurmantgökje (Hurmantgökje)
- Kelejar (Kelejar)
- Köpetdag (Köpetdag, Bowga, Bükri, Gutlyaýak, Nowata)
- Owadandepe (Artykhoja, Ataguýy, Böri, Derweze, G. Orazow adyndaky, Nedir, Porsyguýy, Şapy, Sähra, Talhanly, Ýandakly)
- Saparmyrat Nyýazow (Saparmyrat Nyýazow, Ajykäriz, Galkynyş, Garrykäriz)
- Şorgala (Şorgala, Gatydüýp, Haýyr, Işan, Sähetnyýaz)
- Tagan Baýramdurdyýew (Gökdepe)
- Türkmenistan (Türkmenistan, Goňurajy, Orazsähet)
Geschichte[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Schlacht von Geok Tepe[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Die Festung Geok Tepe consisted of a walled enclosure 2.8 km in circuit, the wall being 5,5 m hoch and 6–9 m dick. Im Dezember 1880 in the Siege of Geoktepe it was attacked by 6.000 Russians under General Mikhail Skobelev against 25,000 defenders.[8] The siege of Geok Tepe lasted 23 days, after which the fort was taken by storm. The Russian forces encountered heavy resistance and finally broke in by digging a tunnel under the wall, then detonating a mine under the wall on January 12 (24th new style), 1881. Once the fortress was breached, the Russian troops stormed in. Several hundred defenders died in the explosion, and many more died in the fighting that ensued.[9] Eventually, the defenders, and the 40.000 civilians inside the fort, fled across the desert, pursued by General Skobelev's cavalry. Around 8.000 Turkmen soldiers and civilians died while fleeing, adding to 6.500 who had died in the fort. Russian casualties were 398 killed and 669 wounded.
Etymologie[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
The words gök depe mean "blue hill" in Turkmen. Atanyyazow explains that nearby hills in this district, as well as elsewhere in Turkmenistan, "appear to be blue-black with fog from the wind" and the settlements are named after such hills.[10][11]
Economy[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Gökdepe is the site of a cotton ginning mill and of the Gökdepe Textile Factory named for Hero Atamyrat Nyýazow (father of the first president of independent Turkmenistan, Saparmyrat Nyýazow). The city features two hospitals, one a general hospital and the other specializing in obstetrics and pediatrics. The city's central market, Ak Bazar, located across the M37 highway from the central train and bus stations, draws villagers from the surrounding area both to sell their wares and to purchase necessities.
Architecture[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
The city's main architectural attraction is the Saparmyrat Hajji Mosque, completed in 1995 by order of President Nyýazow to commemorate the fallen in the Battle of Geok Depe. The local history museum is located on the grounds of the mosque, and one floor of the museum is dedicated to the battle. The entire complex is on the southern end of the former fortress.
Legacy[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
- Saparmyrat Hajji Mosque was built to commemorate the defeat and is noted for its mint-turquoise blue coloured roof and white marble structure
- Halk Hakydasy Memorial Complex
Economy[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Agriculture, food, and feed[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Farms in the district produce wheat and cotton. Cotton seed is crushed for extraction of oil and meal at the Ahal Vegetable Oil Enterprise plant near Ovadandepe.[12] It was opened on 17 May 2010 with a design capacity to process 96,000 tons of cotton seed per year, with daily production of 50 tons of cottonseed oil, 10 tons of margarine, and 140 tons of cottonseed meal nad 70 tons of soybean hulls.[13]
Industry[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
On June 28, 2019, a $1.7 billion factory for producing gasoline out of natural gas was commissioned in Ovadandepe, Gökdepe District. Built by Rönesans and Kawasaki using technology from Haldor Topsoe, the factory has a design capacity of 600.000 tonnes of gasoline, 12.000 tonnes of Diesel fuel, and 115.000 tonnes of liquefied petroleum gas per year, produced from 1.7 billion cubic meters of natural gas.[14][15][16][17][18]
In 2019, Turkmenistan produced 5.1 million standard square meters (4mm thickness) of sheet glass, all of it in Ahal.[19] A$375 million float glass and glass container plant built by Tepe Inşaat of Turkey was opened February 14, 2018, in Ovadandepe north of Ashgabat.[20][21][22] It replaced a Soviet-era glass factory located in central Ashgabat. In 2019, the value of Turkmenistan's glass exports as reported by trading partners was $9.5 million.[23]
A steel smelter, Türkmen Demir Önümleri Döwlet Kärhanasy (englisch Turkmen Iron Products State Enterprise), operating on scrap metal is located at kilometer 22 on the Ashgabat-Dashoguz Automobile Highway near Ovadandepe. It produces mainly rebar and channel iron.[24][25][26]
The Derweze State Electrical Power Station (Vorlage:Lang-tk), a 504.4 megawatt power plant built by Çalık Enerji in 2015, is located near Ovadandepe.[27][28]
Government installations[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
The city of Arkadag, capital of Ahal Province, is located in Gökdepe District, approximately 11 kilometers east of the city of Gökdepe. The Ovadandepe Prison is located approximately 30 kilometers NNW of G. Orazow adyndaky oba, the seat of the Ovadandepe Rural Council (Vorlage:Tk).
Awards[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
In February 2020 President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov awarded a one-million dollar prize to the district as the "best district" in the country for 2019.[29]
Weblinks[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
Einzelnachweise[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
- ↑ HM-6 Türkmenistanda administratiw-territorial düzümleriň statusyny bellemek hakynda. Parliament of Turkmenistan. wiki.openstreetmap.org 14. Dezember 1991.
- ↑ Cara Kerven: Regenerating Life: The Power of Reproducing People in Desert Turkmenistan. In: Central Asian Affairs. vol.6, 4. 27. November 2019, S. 253–282 (10.1163/22142290-00604001 s2cid=213848641).
- ↑ GeoNames: Geokdepe. Abgerufen am 9. Januar 2024.
- ↑ Districts of Turkmenistan. statoids.com.
- ↑ Ахалский Велаят [https://web.archive.org/web/20080913230155/http://whp057.narod.ru/ahals.htm |date=2008-09-13 }}
- ↑ Turkmenistan Districts.
- ↑ Ahal welaýat häkimligi / Habarlaşmak üçin. Abgerufen am 10. April 2021 (turkmenisch).
- ↑ Wikisource: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Geok-Tepe – Quellen und Volltextepublic domain: Hugh Chisholm (hg.) Geok-Tepe. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1911: S. 638.
- ↑ The legal historian Sir Henry Maine discussed the incident in his last lectures. Henry Maine: 1888 |title= International Law: A Series of Lectures Delivered Before the University of Cambridge, 1887 |publisher=John Murray |place=London |edition= 1 |pages= 143–144 |url= https://archive.org/stream/internationallaw00mainiala#page/n7/mode/2up |accessdate=24. Januar 2016}}
- ↑ Түркменистаның Географик Атларының Дүшүндиришли Сөзлүги|trans-title= Explanatory Dictionary of Geographic Names in Turkmenistan |page=112 |publisher=Ылым |date=1980 |place=Ashgabat |first=Soltanşa |last=Atanyýazow |url=https://www.twirpx.com/file/2683178/ |language=tk}}
- ↑ Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names, 2005
- ↑ [https://www.azathabar.com/a/2045010.html%7Ctitle=«Ahal» ösümlik ýagy kärhanasy açyldy| publisher=RFE/RL| date=18 May 2010|language=Turkmen}}
- ↑ [https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/ru/post/16530/velikie--sversheniya--velikoi-epokhi--2010-god%7Ctitle=Великие свершения великой эпохи - 2010 год|date=21 February 2012|language=Russian|publisher=«Туркменистан: золотой век»}}
- ↑ [https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/detail/?f=20190628_1858%7Ctitle=Kawasaki Launches World's Largest GTG Plant in Turkmenistan|date=June 28, 2019}}
- ↑ [https://rhi.ronesans.com/gas-to-gasoline-gtg-plant-completed-turkmenistan/?lang=en%7Ctitle=Gas-To-Gasoline (GTG) Plant Completed, Turkmenistan}}
- ↑ [https://blog.topsoe.com/worlds-only-natural-gas-to-gasoline-plant-in-operation-in-turkmenistan%7Ctitle=World's only natural gas-to-gasoline plant in operation in Turkmenistan|date=June 28, 2019|first=Svend|last=Ravn}}
- ↑ [https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Kawasaki-Heavy-to-build-world-s-1st-gas-to-gasoline-plant-in-Turkmenistan%7Ctitle=Kawasaki Heavy to build world's 1st gas-to-gasoline plant in Turkmenistan|date=November 6, 2014|first=Yoshifumi|last=Uesaka|publisher=Nikkei Asia}}
- ↑ [https://neftegazru.com/news/worldwide/628322-turkmenistan-and-japan-review-gasoline-production-plant-construction-in-akhal-region/%7Ctitle=Turkmenistan and Japan review gasoline production plant construction in Akhal region|date=August 31, 2020|first=Jeila|last=Aliyeva|publisher=NeftegazRU.com}}
- ↑ Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl|page=30|date=2020|place=Ashgabat|language=Turkmen, Russian, English|publisher=State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan}}
- ↑ [https://www.glass-international.com/news/375-million-glass-plant-opens-in-turkmenistan%7Ctitle=$375 million glass plant opens in Turkmenistan|first=Greg|last=Morris|publisher=Glass International|date=February 16, 2018}}
- ↑ [https://tepe.com.tr/en/anasayfa/news-14-5-2018-10-49-24/tepe-insaat-constructs-the-most-modern-glass-complex-of-central-asia-in-turkmen%7Ctitle=Tepe İnşaat Constructs the Most Modern Glass Complex of Central Asia in Turkmenistan|publisher=Tepe İnşaat|date=February 14, 2018}}
- ↑ [https://turkmenpetroleum.com/en/2018/02/15/turkmenistan-has-put-into-operation-a-glass-factory-which-has-no-analogues-in-the-region/%7Ctitle=TURKMENISTAN HAS PUT INTO OPERATION A GLASS FACTORY, WHICH HAS NO ANALOGUES IN THE REGION|date=February 15, 2018|publisher=Turkmen Petroleum}}
- ↑ [https://comtrade.un.org/data/%7Ctitle=UN Comtrade Database}} Database search on HS Code 70 "Glass and glassware", Trading partner "Turkmenistan", Reporters "All"
- ↑ [https://turkmenportal.com/catalog/372%7Ctitle=Металлургический завод|publisher=Turkmenportal|date=October 17, 2012}}
- ↑ [https://turkmenportal.com/blog/16846/novyi-metallurgicheskii-zavod-budet-vveden-v-ovadandepe%7Ctitle=Новый металлургический завод будет введен в Овадандепе|date=December 20, 2018|publisher=Turkmenportal}}
- ↑ [http://turkmendemironumleri.com.tm/%7Ctitle=TÜRKMENDEMIRÖNIMLERI DÖWLET KÄRHANASY|access-date=26 March 2021}}
- ↑ [https://calikenerji.com/Pages/ProjectDetail.aspx?ID=34%7Ctitle= Derweze Basit Çevrim Elektrik Santrali|publisher=Çalık Enerji|language=Turkish|access-date=11 April 2021}}
- ↑ [http://www.minenergo.gov.tm/tm/node/14%7Ctitle="Türkmenenergo" döwlet elektroenergetika korporasiýasy|date=14 February 2016|language=Turkmen|publisher=Ministry of Energy (Turkmenistan)}}
- ↑ [https://www.hronikatm.com/2020/02/best-village/ |title=Лучшим этрапом 2019 года признан Геоктепинский|date=10 February 2020 |language=Russian |publisher=Chronicles of Turkmenistan}}
[[Kategorie:Ort in Turkmenistan]] [[Kategorie:Ahal welaýaty]] Fortifications in Turkmenistan]] [[Category:Historic sites in Turkmenistan]] [[Category:Military history of Russia]] [[Category:Populated places in Ahal Region]] [[Category:Populated places along the Silk Road]]